目的 探究不同转速的焊接工艺对铝/铜搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头组织与性能的影响。方法 主要通过控制搅拌头转速的焊接工艺参数实现了2.5 mm厚6061-T6铝合金和2 mm厚T2纯铜的铝/铜异种材料搅拌摩擦搭接焊,成功获得了表面成形美观、界面结合良好、力学性能和耐蚀性能优异的搭接接头,并研究分析了此类接头的焊缝表面成形、接头横截面组织结构、断口形貌、断裂方式、拉伸性能与抗腐蚀性能。结果 最终获得的FSW搭接接头的断裂方式主要有界面直接剥离与铜侧“粘铝”的界面断裂2种,其中以铜侧“粘铝”界面断裂模式断裂的接头性能最为优异;并且在“粘铝”式断裂的断口微观图像中观察到了罕见的“冰糖”状花样与韧窝的结合组织;在宏观接头横截面中,焊核区（WNZ）和界面区（IZ）的宽度以及钩状结构的高度都会由于热输入的提高而逐渐增加;在腐蚀试验中,接头耐腐蚀性能最差的区域为铝侧热影响区,其次是焊核区与铝/铜的界面结合处。搅拌头转速的变化会导致热输入的变化,从而影响铝/铜焊接接头的结合与各类性能。结论 在铝/铜搅拌摩擦搭接焊中,搅拌头转速对焊缝表面成形、焊接接头横截面的区域组织、断裂方式与断口形貌、抗拉剪性能以及腐蚀性能都有着重要的影响。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the effects of welding processes at different speeds on the microstructure and properties of aluminum/copper stir friction lap welded joints. In this study, friction stir lap welding of 2.5 mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 2 mm thick T2 pure copper aluminum/copper dissimilar materials were mainly achieved by controlling the welding process parameters of the stirring head speed. Lap joints with beautiful surface forming, good interface bonding, excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance was successfully obtained. The surface forming, cross-sectional microstructure, fracture morphology, fracture mode, tensile properties and corrosion resistance of such joints were studied and analyzed. The experiment found that the fracture modes of the FSW lap joint obtained were mainly divided into two types: direct interface peeling and copper side “aluminum adhesion” interface fracture. Among them, the joint with copper side “aluminum adhesion” interface fracture mode had the best performance; And an extremely rare combination of “rock sugar” like patterns and tough dimples was observed in the microscopic image of the fracture surface of the “sticky aluminum” fracture; In the macroscopic joint cross section, the width of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) and the interface zone (IZ), as well as the height of the hook shaped structure, would gradually increase due to the increase of heat input; In the corrosion test, it was found that the area with the worst corrosion resistance of the joint was the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, followed by the weld nugget zone and the interface between aluminum and copper. The variation of stirring head speed could lead to changes in heat input, thereby affecting the bonding and various properties of aluminum/copper welded joints. In conclusion, in aluminum/copper stir friction lap welding, the speed of the stirring head has a significant impact on the surface formation of the weld, the microstructure of the cross-sectional area of the welded joint, the fracture mode and morphology, tensile shear properties, and corrosion properties.
关键词
搅拌摩擦焊 /
铝/铜搭接 /
焊缝成形 /
断口形貌 /
拉剪载荷 /
腐蚀性能
Key words
friction stir welding /
aluminum/copper overlap /
welding seam formation /
fracture morphology /
tensile shear load /
corrosion performance
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基金
国网河南省电力公司科技计划（52170220009Y）; 山东大学科研委托项目（QL2021317）
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