316L不锈钢选区激光熔化工艺参数对成形温度场影响的数值模拟研究

张恒; 余小鲁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.016

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8) : 150-160. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.016

增材制造

316L不锈钢选区激光熔化工艺参数对成形温度场影响的数值模拟研究

张恒^a, 余小鲁^a,b,*

作者信息 +

Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Formation Temperature Field in 316L Stainless Steel

ZHANG Heng^a, YU Xiaolu^a,b,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的解决传统依靠经验获取316L不锈钢选区激光熔化制件最优打印参数耗时久、成本高、精确度低的问题。方法运用有限元分析方法,构建包含传热方程、边界条件、相变潜热处理等要素的模型,对不同工艺参数下316L不锈钢选区激光熔化过程中的温度场展开研究。研究涵盖单层单道、单层多道及单道多层粉床模型,深入分析激光功率、扫描速度和扫描间距对熔池温度的影响。结果当激光功率过高或扫描速度较低时,熔池最高温度超过材料沸点,冷却速率绝对值随激光功率和扫描速度的升高而增加。熔池预热范围随激光扫描的进行而扩大,当扫描间距为100 μm时较理想。层数的增加使最高温度上升。模拟结果显示,激光功率200 W、扫描速度900 mm/s是选区激光熔化30 μm层厚316L不锈钢的最优参数组合,与企业现行打印参数基本保持一致。结论通过有限元分析明晰了工艺参数对316L不锈钢选区激光熔化成形温度场的影响规律,模拟结果与企业实际参数相近,验证了模型的有效性和研究方法的可行性,实现了研究目标,为打印参数优化提供了理论支撑。

Abstract

The work aims to solve the problems of long time, high cost and low accuracy of traditional methods that rely on experience to obtain the optimal printing parameters for selective laser melting parts of 316L stainless steel. By using the finite element analysis method, a model including heat transfer equation, boundary conditions, latent heat treatment of phase change and other elements was constructed to study the temperature field in the selective laser melting process of 316L stainless steel under different process parameters. Single-layer single-track, single-layer multi-track and single-track multi-layer powder bed models were adopted to deeply analyze the impact of laser power, scanning speed and scanning spacing on the molten pool temperature. When the laser power was too high or the scanning speed was low, the maximum temperature of the molten pool exceeded the boiling point of the material. The absolute value of the cooling rate increased with the increase of laser power and scanning speed. The preheating range of the molten pool expanded with laser scanning, and a scanning spacing of 100 μm was ideal. The increase in the number of layers made the maximum temperature rise. The simulation results showed that the laser power of 200 W and the scanning speed of 900 mm/s were the optimal parameter combinations for the selective laser melting of 316L stainless steel with a layer thickness of 30 μm, which were basically consistent with the current printing parameters of the enterprise. This study clarifies the impact law of process parameters on the temperature field of selective laser melting forming of 316L stainless steel through finite element analysis. The simulation results are close to the actual parameters of the enterprise, which verifies the effectiveness of the model and the feasibility of the research method, achieves the research goal, and provides theoretical support for the optimization of printing parameters.

导出引用

张恒, 余小鲁. 316L不锈钢选区激光熔化工艺参数对成形温度场影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(8): 150-160 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.016

ZHANG Heng, YU Xiaolu. Numerical Simulation of the Impact of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on the Formation Temperature Field in 316L Stainless Steel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(8): 150-160 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.016

中图分类号： TG142.71

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