目的 研究了不同含量的稀土元素Y对Cu-9Ni-6Sn合金组织、性能及时效过程中不连续沉淀析出的影响,并最终确定对不连续沉淀抑制效果最佳的Y含量。方法 通过传统大气熔炼法制备不同Y含量的Cu-9Ni-6Sn-xY合金（x分别为0、0.05、0.2、0.4）。运用维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机测试并分析各样品的力学性能,通过金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察各样品不同状态的微观组织,分析Y元素的含量对晶粒尺寸、第二相转变及不连续沉淀析出的影响。结果 Y元素的添加对晶粒有明显的细化效果,随着Y含量的增加,晶粒尺寸的细化效果逐渐减弱。Cu-9Ni-6Sn合金经400 ℃时效4 h后达到峰时效,Cu-9Ni-6Sn-xY（x=0.05, 0.2, 0.4）合金经400 ℃时效6 h后达到峰时效。Cu-9Ni-6Sn-xY（x=0.05, 0.2, 0.4）合金峰时效后的硬度值分别为355HV、335.7HV、333.1HV,强度分别为833、817、786 MPa,导电率分别为14.6%IACS、15.5%IACS、15.2%IACS。结论 加入Y元素后,会形成NiY相和NiSnY相,这些第二相在固溶处理过程中不会进入基体中,并且在时效过程中这些第二相占据了不连续沉淀的形核位点,抑制了不连续沉淀的析出。当Y含量（质量分数）为0.05%时,晶粒细化效果以及不连续沉淀的抑制效果最为显著。
Abstract
The work aims to study the effects of different contents of rare earth element Y on the microstructure, properties and discontinuous precipitation behavior during aging of Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy and determine the optimal Y content that most effectively suppresses discontinuous precipitation. Cu-9Ni-6Sn-xY alloys with varying Y contents, where x equals 0, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.4, were prepared through traditional atmospheric melting. The mechanical properties of each sample were tested and analyzed by Vickers hardness tester and tensile testing machine. The microstructure of each sample in different states was observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the effect of Y element content on grain size, second phase transformation and discontinuous precipitation was analyzed. The addition of Y element had a significant grain refining effect, which gradually weakened with the increasing Y content. The Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy reached peak aging after 4 h at 400 ℃, while the Cu-9Ni-6Sn-xY (x=0.05, 0.2, 0.4) alloys reached peak aging after 6 h at 400 ℃. The hardness values after peak aging were reported as 355HV, 335.7HV, and 333.1HV for the three alloys, respectively. The corresponding strengths were 833, 817, 786 MPa, and the electrical conductivities were 14.6%IACS, 15.5%IACS, and 15.2%IACS, respectively. After addition of Y element, NiY phase and NiSnY phase are formed, which will not enter the matrix during solution treatment, and occupy the nucleation sites of discontinuous precipitation during aging, thus inhibiting the discontinuous precipitation. When the Y content (mass fraction) is 0.05%, the grain refining effect and the inhibition effect of discontinuous precipitation are the most obvious.
关键词
Cu-9Ni-6Sn合金 /
微合金化 /
显微组织 /
调幅分解 /
不连续沉淀
Key words
Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy /
microalloying /
microstructure /
spinodal decomposition /
discontinuous precipitation (DP)
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52071050,52271024）; 国家重点研发计划（2018YFE0306103）
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