增材制造FeCrNi中熵合金的工艺开发、微观组织和力学性能

王烁然; 向超; 桂新元; 张涛; 孙桂芳; 韩恩厚

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.013

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8) : 115-126. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.013

高熵合金和非晶合金成形

增材制造FeCrNi中熵合金的工艺开发、微观组织和力学性能

王烁然^1,2, 向超^2,*, 桂新元^1,2, 张涛², 孙桂芳^2,3, 韩恩厚^2,4

作者信息 +

Process Optimization, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNi Medium Entropy Alloy Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

WANG Shuoran^1,2, XIANG Chao^2,*, GUI Xinyuan^1,2, ZHANG Tao², SUN Guifang^2,3, HAN Enhou^2,4

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摘要

目的通过优化激光粉末床熔融工艺参数获得高致密度的FeCrNi中熵合金,以避免缺陷影响服役性能,为FeCrNi系中熵合金工艺开发提供参考。方法以FeCrNi粉末为原料,设计工艺参数表进行样品制备,引入体积能量密度作为参考指标,研究工艺参数对致密度的影响规律,并对最佳工艺参数下的样品进行微观组织分析和力学性能测试。结果成功制备出致密度达99.96%的FeCrNi中熵合金,最佳工艺参数如下：激光功率为220 W,扫描速度为950 mm/s,扫描间距为0.09 mm,粉层厚度为30 μm,体积能量密度为85.77 J/mm³,该中熵合金由单一面心立方相组成。在垂直于构建方向和平行于构建方向上可以观察到清晰的熔道和熔池,平均晶粒大小分别为16.83 μm和18.01 μm,在晶界处观察到大量的几何必要位错,残余应力主要集中在熔道和熔池的边缘处,熔池和熔道元素分布均匀。FeCrNi中熵合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为597 MPa和705 MPa,断后伸长率为27.6%,断裂模式为韧性断裂。结论在一定范围内,过低或过高的体积能量密度会导致粉末熔化不完全或过度熔化,影响稳定熔池的形成,导致致密度较低。控制体积能量密度适中是工艺优化的方向。激光粉末床熔融高冷却速度导致非平衡凝固,使材料成形后晶粒细化,并形成胞状结构和柱状结构,且熔池熔道边缘处残余应力大。异质微观组织和残余应力的共同作用使FeCrNi中熵合金拥有良好的力学性能。

Abstract

The work aims to fabricate the FeCrNi medium entropy alloy with a high relative density through optimized laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters, to avoid defects affecting the service performance and provide reference for the process development of FeCrNi medium entropy alloy. With FeCrNi MEA powder as the raw material, the process parameter tables were designed to prepare samples, and the volumetric energy density was introduced as a reference index to study the effect of process parameters on the relative density, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples under the optimal process parameters were analyzed. An LPBF FeCrNi MEA with a relative density of 99.96% was successfully fabricated under the following process parameters: laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 950 mm/s, hatching space of 0.09 mm, layer thickness of 30 μm, and volumetric energy density of 85.77 J/mm³. LPBF FeCrNi MEA exhibited a single FCC phase, with distinct molten tracks and pools perpendicular and parallel to the build direction, averaging grain sizes of 16.83 μm and 18.01 μm, respectively. A high density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) was observed at grain boundaries, residual stress was primarily concentrated at the edges of molten tracks and pools and elemental distribution was uniform. LPBF FeCrNi MEA demonstrated a yield strength of 597 MPa, tensile strength of 705 MPa, and 27.6% elongation, with ductile fracture behavior. Suboptimal volumetric energy densities will cause incomplete or excessive melting, destabilizing molten pools and reducing densification. Controlling the volumetric energy density moderately is the direction of process optimization. Rapid cooling leads to non-equilibrium solidification, refining grains, forming cellular/columnar structures, and generating residual stresses at edges of molten pools and tracks. The synergy of heterogeneous structures and residual stresses enhances mechanical properties of FeCrNi MEA.

导出引用

王烁然, 向超, 桂新元, 张涛, 孙桂芳, 韩恩厚. 增材制造FeCrNi中熵合金的工艺开发、微观组织和力学性能[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(8): 115-126 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.013

WANG Shuoran, XIANG Chao, GUI Xinyuan, ZHANG Tao, SUN Guifang, HAN Enhou. Process Optimization, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCrNi Medium Entropy Alloy Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(8): 115-126 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.013

中图分类号： TG665 TG139

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