目的 研究焊接位置对铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接熔滴过渡和焊缝成形的影响,为铝合金不同位置激光-MIG复合焊接工艺优化提供依据。方法 采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法焊接A7N01铝合金,利用高速摄像设备观察不同位置（0°、90°、180°、270°）的熔滴过渡和电弧形态,分析其对焊缝成形的影响。结果 在相同的焊接参数下,0°和270°位置呈“一脉一滴”过渡,90°位置为“一脉多滴”,180°位置为短路过渡。不同电弧焊枪倾角对电弧形态产生显著影响,电弧整体向弧长较长一侧发生偏转,激光的引入对电弧偏转影响较小。不同焊接位置的宏观形貌和焊接缺陷也存在显著差异,90°位置焊缝成形最差且伴随较多气孔和裂纹缺陷,270°位置焊缝深宽比显著增大。结论 在铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接过程中,焊接位置通过改变熔滴受力状态显著影响了过渡行为和焊缝成形质量。电弧焊枪倾斜对电弧偏转起主导作用,电磁力方向主要受电弧焊枪倾角的影响。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the influence of welding position on droplet transfer behavior and weld formation in laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloy, so as to provide a basis for the optimization of laser-MIG hybrid welding processes at different positions of aluminum alloy. The A7N01 aluminum alloy was welded by laser-MIG hybrid welding. High-speed camera assembly was used to observe the droplet transfer and arc morphology at different positions (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°), and to analyze their influence on the weld formation. It revealed that under identical parameters, 0° and 270° positions exhibited “one-pulse-one-droplet” transfer while 90° showed “one-pulse-multiple-droplets” and 180° demonstrated short-circuit transfer, with results indicating that MIG torch inclination significantly affected arc morphology by causing deflection toward the longer arc length side while laser introduction had minimal impact, and that welding position substantially influenced weld quality as evidenced by poor formation with porosity and cracks at 90° versus significantly increased depth-to-width ratio at 270°. In conclusion, during laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloy, welding position critically affects droplet transfer and weld quality by modifying force distribution on molten droplets, while torch inclination dominates arc deflection through its effect on electromagnetic force direction.
关键词
铝合金 /
激光-MIG复合焊接 /
熔滴过渡 /
电弧形态 /
焊缝成形
Key words
aluminium alloy /
laser-MIG hybrid welding /
droplet transfer /
arc morphology /
weld formation
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFB3407802）
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