目的 为双挤出头3D打印制备石墨烯/SiC复合材料提供水凝胶支撑结构设计依据和参考。方法 制备淀粉基水凝胶并分析其流变性、烧蚀性、挤出丝成形性和负载能力,采用3D打印技术制备网格试样并对试样尺寸进行测量,分析不同结构模式、不同打印方向和不同填充率对水凝胶支撑成形精度的影响,并对支撑复合材料间的匹配跨距进行了优化,最后将所得优化参数应用于水凝胶中并制备了复杂结构零件。结果 当石墨烯/SiC复合材料的倾角低于70°时,楔形零件发生明显变形,水凝胶呈现明显的剪切稀化特性,800 ℃烧蚀后几乎无残留,挤出丝完整均匀,可独立负载8 mm高的复合材料;不同结构模式按支撑高度偏差由小到大的顺序依次为直线、蜂窝、波浪、三角。当支撑打印方向为0°时,高度偏差最小（(+0.08±0.23) mm）,当支撑打印方向为30°时,偏差最大且误差线范围最宽（(+0.48±0.3) mm）;填充率对高度偏差的影响随着填充率的增大呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,当填充率为50%时,水凝胶支撑高度偏差最小;石墨烯/SiC复合材料和水凝胶支撑间应有一定跨距,但当跨距超过1 mm时,悬空位置明显变形;零件试制结果证明,优化的水凝胶支撑结构可用于制备复杂结构石墨烯/SiC复合材料。结论 水凝胶成本低、挤出成形好、烧结残余少、去除工艺简单,具备一定的负载能力,可以作为双挤出头3D打印石墨烯/SiC复合材料的支撑材料;且优化后的水凝胶支撑结构参数为直线模式、打印方向为0°、填充率为50%,2种材料的匹配跨距为1 mm。
Abstract
The work aims to provide reference for designing the structure of hydrogel support for preparation of graphene/SiC composite by dual extruder 3D printer. Firstly, the starch-based hydrogel was prepared and its rheological properties, ablative properties, formability of extruded filaments and load capacity were analyzed. Then, the effects of structural pattern, printing direction and filling ratio on the accuracy of hydrogel support were investigated through the printing of 3D grid samples, and the matching span between support composites was optimized. Finally, the optimized parameters were applied to hydrogels and parts with complex structures were prepared. When the inclination angle of graphene/SiC composites was lower than 70°, the wedge-shaped parts were obviously deformed, and the hydrogel showed obvious shear thinning characteristics. After ablation at 800 ℃, there was almost no residue, and the extruded filaments were complete and uniform, which could independently load 8 mm high composites. Different structural patterns were rectilinear, honeycomb, wiggle and triangular in order of support height deviation from small to large. The deviation in the height direction for the rectilinear pattern was the smallest ((+0.08±0.23) mm) at printing direction 0° and the largest at printing direction 30°, and the range of error line was widest ((+0.48±0.3) mm). With the increase of filling ratio, the effect of filling ratio on height deviation first decreased and then increased. When the filling ratio was 50%, the height deviation of hydrogel support was the smallest. There should be a certain span between graphene/SiC composite and hydrogel support, but when the span exceeded 1 mm, the suspended position was obviously deformed. The trial-production results of parts showed that the optimized hydrogel support structure could be used to prepare graphene/SiC composites with complex structures. Hydrogel has low cost, good extrusion forming, less sintering residue, simple removal process and certain load capacity, and can be used as a support material for preparation of graphene/SiC composites by dual extruder 3D printer. The optimized parameters of hydrogel support structure are linear mode, printing direction 0°, filling ratio of 50%, and matching span of the two materials of 1 mm.
关键词
双挤出头3D打印 /
石墨烯/SiC复合材料 /
水凝胶 /
支撑结构 /
浆料挤出
Key words
dual extruder 3D printer /
graphene/SiC composite /
hydrogel /
support structure /
slurry extrusion
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