目的 解决高强度钢QP1180和DP1180在汽车轻量化应用方面存在的热影响区软化等问题,进行了不等厚异质QP1180/DP1180钢板激光拼焊接头组织及性能研究。方法 对1.6 mm厚QP1180钢和1.2 mm厚DP1180钢进行激光拼焊,通过扫描电子显微镜、液压拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计等设备研究热输入对焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果 在不同焊接工艺参数下,激光焊接接头均为全焊透状态且表面成形良好。随着热输入的增大,焊缝金属区向母材区的过渡逐渐平缓、凹陷变小,上下表面宽度均有所增大,焊缝金属区板条马氏体束随着热输入的增加而变长,条束间距亦变宽,且宽度分布不均匀。热输入对QP1180侧和DP1180侧热影响区晶粒大小变化的影响规律基本一致,即热输入越大,粗晶区和细晶区的晶粒尺寸越大,临界热影响区铁素体含量也越多,QP1180侧亚临界热影响区析出的碳化物颗粒越多,但对DP1180侧亚临界热影响区微观组织的影响不明显。焊接接头两侧都存在明显的软化区,DP1180侧软化更为显著。在本研究所用焊接热输入条件下,单向拉伸试验中试样均断裂在母材区,由断口分析可知,所有工艺参数下的试样均为韧性断裂。结论 在能形成全焊透的焊接工艺窗口内,均获得抗拉强度达到母材强度95%以上、断后伸长率达到母材断后伸长率30%以上的焊接接头。
Abstract
In order to solve the welding problems of heat affected zone softening of high strength steel QP1180 and DP1180 in automobile lightweight application, the work aims to study the microstructure and properties of laser tailor welded joints of heterogeneous QP1180/DP1180 steel plates with different thicknesses. 1.6 mm thick QP1180 steel and 1.2 mm thick DP1180 steel were welded by laser. The effects of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy, hydraulic tensile testing machine and Vickers hardness tester. Under different welding process parameters, the laser welded joints were in full penetration state, and the weld surface was well. With the increase of heat input, the transition from the weld metal zone to the base metal zone gradually became gentle, the depression became smaller, and the width of the weld face and back of weld increased. The lath martensite beam in the weld metal zone became longer with the increase of heat input, and the beam spacing became wider, and the width distribution was not uniform. The effects of heat input on the change of grain size in the heat affected zone of QP1180 side and DP1180 side were basically the same. The higher the heat input, the coarser the grain size of the coarse-grain zone and the fine-grain zone, and the more the ferrite content in the inter-critical heat affected zone. There were more carbide particles precipitated in the sub-critical heat affected zone on the QP1180 side, but the effect on the microstructure of the sub-critical heat affected zone on the DP1180 side was not obvious. There were obvious softening zones on both sides of the welded joint, and the softening of DP1180 side was more significant. Under the welding heat input conditions used in this study, the fracture of the samples in the uniaxial tensile test was located in the base metal area. Through fractography, the samples under all process parameters had ductile fracture. In the welding process window that can form full penetration bead, the welded joints with tensile strength of more than 95% of the base metal strength and the elongation of more than 30% of the base metal are obtained.
关键词
QP1180钢 /
DP1180钢 /
激光拼焊 /
微观组织 /
力学性能
Key words
QP1180 steel /
DP1180 steel /
laser welding /
microstructure /
mechanical properties
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基金
先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室开放课题基金（AWJ-23M25）; 中央引导地方科技专项基金（2019ZYYD023）
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