目的 针对长径比大于10、长度超3 m的D406A超高强度钢细长薄壁壳体整体旋压成形难度大、旋压后产品内部残余应力难以有效去除的问题,对旋压工艺和去应力方法进行研究。方法 首先,根据产品特点制定旋压成形工艺方案,为确定合理的旋压工艺参数,设计不同道次减薄率、进给比、旋压道次的旋压实验,并对每组实验的结果进行分析;其次,根据旋压实验的分析结果,对旋压工艺参数与工装进行优化,并进行了实际生产;最后,为有效去除产品内部残余应力,采取去应力退火方法,分组进行低温退火（300~350 ℃）和高温退火（600~650 ℃）实验,并对退火后的应力与金相组织进行检测。结果 实际生产加工结果满足产品的加工质量与精度要求,同时经高温退火后,产品残余应力消除比较完全,且金相组织无变化,为细小球状珠光体。结论 本文的旋压工艺方法切实可行,所选取的道次减薄率、进给比等旋压参数合理,可为大长径比薄壁壳体旋压成形提供借鉴,且高温退火是消除D406A超高强度钢旋压后产品内部残余应力的有效且合理的方法。
Abstract
To solve the difficulty in the whole spinning forming of D406A with the aspect ratio greater than 10 and the length exceeding 3 m and the removal of the residual stress inside the product after spinning, the work aims to study the spinning process and stress removal method. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the product, the spinning forming process plan was established. In order to determine the reasonable spinning process parameters, the spinning experiments with different thinning rates, feed ratios and spinning passes were designed, and the results of each group of experiments were analyzed. Secondly, according to the analysis results of spinning experiments, the spinning process parameters and tooling were optimized, and the actual production was carried out. Finally, in order to effectively remove the residual stress inside the product, the stress relief annealing method was adopted, and the experiments of low temperature annealing (300-350 ℃) and high temperature annealing (600-650 ℃) were carried out in groups, and the stress and metallographic structure after annealing were measured. The actual production and processing results met the processing quality and precision requirements of the product. At the same time, the residual stress of the product was completely eliminated after high temperature annealing, and the metallographic structure did not change, which was a small spherical pearlite. The spinning process method proposed in this work is feasible, and the selected spinning parameters such as pass thinning rate and feed ratio are reasonable, which can provide reference for the spinning forming of thin-walled shells with large aspect ratio. Moreover, high temperature annealing is an effective and reasonable method to eliminate the internal residual stress of D406A ultra-high strength steel after spinning.
关键词
细长薄壁壳体 /
旋压成形 /
工艺参数 /
去应力 /
高温退火
Key words
slender thin-walled shell /
spinning forming /
process parameter /
stress relieving /
high temperature annealing
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