目的 探究激光功率及扫描速度对激光熔融沉积（LMD）GH4169合金熔池宏观形貌及微观组织的影响,获得最佳工艺参数。方法 基于COMSOL软件建立了LMD温度场数值模型,对不同工艺方案LMD过程的温度场开展数值模拟研究,探究激光功率和扫描速度对沉积层熔宽、熔高、宽高比以及稀释率的影响规律。通过控制变量法,开展LMD单道沉积实验,分析激光功率和扫描速度对沉积层微观组织及Laves相形貌的影响规律。结果 随着激光功率的增大,一次枝晶臂间距（PDAS）逐渐增大,Laves相由颗粒状转变为块状或长链状;随着扫描速度的增大,PDAS逐渐减小,Laves相由块状或长链状转变成颗粒状。当激光功率为1 400 W、扫描速度为6 mm/s时,LMD过程中熔池内的最高温度约为2 750 K,熔宽约为2 976 μm,熔高约为833 μm,宽高比约为3.57,稀释率约为38.5%,沉积层的平均硬度约为266.36HV,室温和高温条件下试样的屈服强度约为623.60 MPa和581.66 MPa,抗拉强度约为955.92 MPa和823.83 MPa,延伸率约为39.08%和24.60%。结论 实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,验证了本文所建立模型的准确性。熔宽和熔高与激光功率呈正相关性,与扫描速度呈负相关性;宽高比和稀释率与激光功率和扫描速度呈正相关性。当激光功率为1 400 W、扫描速度为6 mm/s时,所制备的GH4169合金试样的力学性能较好。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of laser power and scanning rate on the shape of the molten pool and the microstructure morphology of laser melting deposition (LMD) GH4169 alloy, to obtain the best process parameters. A temperature field numerical model of the laser melting deposition process was established based on COMSOL software. The temperature fields under different schemes were simulated during the LMD process, and the effects of laser power and scanning rate on the width, height, ratio and dilution rate of the deposition layer were studied. The effects of laser power and scanning rate on the microstructure morphology and Laves-phase was analyzed by using the simple variable method to carry out LMD single-pass deposition experiment. As the laser power increased, the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) gradually increased, and the shape of Laves-phase changed from granular to block or long chain. However, the PDAS decreased with an increase in scanning rate, and the Laves-phase changed from block or long chain to granular. When the laser power was 1 400 W and the scanning rate was 6 mm/s, the maximum temperature of the molten pool was about 2 750 K, the width and height of the molten pool were approximately 2 976 μm and 833 μm, respectively, and the aspect ratio was about 3.57, and the dilution rate was about 38.5%, and the average hardness of the deposition layer was about 266.36HV. Moreover, at room temperature and high temperature, the yield strength of the specimens was about 623.60 MPa and 581.66 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength was about 955.92 MPa and 823.83 MPa, and the elongation was about 39.08% and 24.60%. The experiment results agree well with the simulation results, verifying the accuracy of the model proposed. The width and height of the molten pool are negatively correlated with the laser power and scanning rate, but the aspect ratio and the dilution rate are positively correlated with the laser power and scanning rate. The mechanical properties of the GH4169 alloy specimens are better when the laser power and scanning rate are 1 400 W and 6 mm/s.
关键词
激光熔融沉积 /
工艺参数 /
数值模拟 /
熔池形态 /
微观组织
Key words
laser melting deposition /
process parameters /
numerical simulation /
molten pool shape /
microstructure
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基金
河南省科技攻关计划（242102220086）; 河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划（22HASTIT031）
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