目的 通过对真空灭弧室真空钎焊温度场进行计算研究,获取温度场分布、温度差和保温时间的相关数据,以指导灭弧室钎焊工艺。方法 使用COMSOL Multiphysics多场耦合有限元分析软件,构建灭弧室真空钎焊传热模型,根据工件实测温度,对仿真结果进行校核,并研究升温速度、装炉量和加热带对温度场均匀性和钎焊保温时间的影响规律。结果 灭弧室真空钎焊全工艺过程温度场仿真的平均误差低于2%,模型准确度高。随着升温速率的增加,工件最大温度差显著上升,保温时间先增加后几乎不变;在批量生产条件下,当升温速率为5 ℃/min时,温度场均匀性最佳,同时所需保温时间较短;灭弧室钎焊温度场均匀性随着装炉量的增加而显著下降,所需保温时间呈线性增长趋势。通过增加中间加热带,灭弧室批量钎焊时温差可降低16%,保温时间可缩短50%。结论 建立了准确可靠的真空灭弧室真空钎焊温度场模型,利用该模型计算得到了适于批量生产的升温速率,经计算验证,增加中间加热带可以有效提高温度场均匀性和缩短保温时间,温度场优化效果显著。
Abstract
The work aims to obtain the data about the temperature distribution, temperature difference, and holding time by calculating and studying the vacuum brazing temperature field in a vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, in order to guide the brazing process in the chamber. COMSOL Multiphysics, the multi-field coupled finite element analysis software, was used to construct a heat transfer model for vacuum brazing in the arc extinguishing chamber. The simulation results were verified based on the measured temperature of the workpiece. The effect of heating rate, furnace load, and heating strip on the uniformity of temperature field and brazing insulation time was studied. The average error of temperature field simulation during the entire process of vacuum brazing in the arc extinguishing chamber was less than 2%, indicating high model accuracy. As the heating rate increased, the maximum temperature difference of the workpiece significantly increased, and the holding time firstly increased and then remained almost unchanged. During production in bulk, a heating rate of 5 ℃/min resulted in the best temperature field uniformity and required shorter holding time. The uniformity of the brazing temperature field in the arc extinguishing chamber significantly decreased with the increase of furnace load, and the required holding time showed a linear increasing trend. By increasing the intermediate heating zone, the temperature difference during batch brazing in the arc extinguishing chamber was reduced by 16%, and the holding time was shortened by 50%. An accurate and reliable temperature field model for vacuum brazing in the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber has been established. The heating rate suitable for batch production has been calculated by this model, and it has been verified that adding an intermediate heating strip can effectively improve the uniformity of the temperature field and shorten the holding time. The optimization effect of the temperature field is significant.
关键词
真空灭弧室 /
真空钎焊 /
温度场 /
有限元仿真 /
升温速率 /
保温时间
Key words
vacuum arc extinguishing chamber /
vacuum brazing /
temperature field /
finite element simulation /
heating rate /
holding time
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB3402203）; 河南省重点研发项目（221111520100）
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