郑少和,李仁花,魏明炜,等.选区激光熔化24CrNiMo高强钢介观尺度数值模拟与实验验证[J].精密成形工程,2024,16(8):173-181.
ZHENG Shaohe,LI Renhua,WEI Mingwei,et al.Mesoscopic Scale Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Selective Laser Melting of 24CrNiMo High Strength Steel[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2024,16(8):173-181. |
| 选区激光熔化24CrNiMo高强钢介观尺度数值模拟与实验验证 |
| Mesoscopic Scale Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Selective Laser Melting of 24CrNiMo High Strength Steel |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-10 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2024.08.020 |
| 中文关键词: 选区激光熔化(SLM) 24CrNiMo合金钢 数值模拟 介观尺度 内部缺陷 |
| 英文关键词: selective laser melting (SLM) 24CrNiMo alloy steel numerical simulation mesoscopic scale internal defect |
| 基金项目:江西省航空构件成形与连接重点实验室开放基金(EL202103266);江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB214047，20232BAB204052，20232ACB204020);博士科研启动基金(EA202103250) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 建立选区激光熔化(SLM)增材制造24CrNiMo高强钢三维粉床模型，通过介观尺度数值模拟探究工艺参数与熔池冶金缺陷形成和演化的内在关联，结合熔道成形试验验证模拟方法的可靠性。方法 采用离散元法与有限体积法构建介观尺度模型模拟激光与粉末的交互作用，通过提取模拟试样特定位置的熔道形貌、熔池尺寸、传热机制等熔池行为的基本特征，将熔池表面形貌和内部缺陷等模拟结果与SLM实验结果进行对比分析。结果 保持激光扫描速度、搭接宽度、粉末层厚和扫描角度等工艺参数不变，随着激光功率从430 W增加到520 W，试样的成形质量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当激光功率较低时，粉末未充分熔化，表面球化效应严重，内部以未熔合缺陷为主。当激光能量过高时，熔池传热传质剧烈，表面粉末飞溅严重，内部易产生匙孔缺陷。当激光功率为490 W时，可获得表面成形质量高、内部缺陷少的高强钢试样。结论 数值模拟结果与SLM试验现象保持一致，建立的介观尺度数值模拟方法可为SLM成形高强钢工艺参数优化和成形质量调控提供理论指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to establish a three-dimensional powder bed model for selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing of 24CrNiMo high strength steel to explore the internal relationship between process parameters and the formation and evolution of metallurgical defects in molten pool by mesoscopic numerical simulation and verify the reliability of the simulation method by melt channel forming test. The discrete element method and the finite volume method were used to construct a mesoscopic scale model to simulate the interaction between laser and powder. By extracting the basic characteristics of the molten pool behavior such as the shape of the melt channel, the size of the molten pool and the heat transfer mechanism at a specific position of the simulated sample, the surface morphology and internal defects of the molten pool were simulated and the simulation results were compared with the SLM experimental results. When the process parameters such as laser scanning speed, lap width, powder layer thickness and scanning angle remained unchanged, as the laser power increased from 430 W to 520 W, the forming quality of the sample increased firstly and then decreased. When the laser power was low, the powder was not fully melted, the surface spheroidization effect was serious, and the internal defects were mainly incomplete fusion defects. When the laser energy was too high, the heat and mass transfer of the molten pool was severe, the surface powder splashed seriously, and the keyhole defects were easily generated inside. When the laser power was 490 W, the high-strength steel samples with high surface forming quality and less internal defects were obtained. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the SLM experimental phenomena. The mesoscopic scale numerical simulation method established can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of process parameters and the control of forming quality of SLM formed high-strength steel. |
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