王丽霞,李念涛.固溶处理和时效处理对A356铝合金性能的影响及较优处理温度确定[J].精密成形工程,2024,16(8):138-147.
WANG Lixia,LI Niantao.Effects of Solution Treatment and Aging Treatment on the Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy and Determination of Optimal Treatment Temperature[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2024,16(8):138-147. |
| 固溶处理和时效处理对A356铝合金性能的影响及较优处理温度确定 |
| Effects of Solution Treatment and Aging Treatment on the Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy and Determination of Optimal Treatment Temperature |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-10 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2024.08.016 |
| 中文关键词: A356铝合金 固溶处理 时效处理 显微组织 材料性能 最佳温度 |
| 英文关键词: A356 aluminum alloy solution treatment aging treatment microstructure material property optimal temperature |
| 基金项目:吉林省职业教育与成人教育教学改革研究课题(2021ZCY228);2024年度吉林省教育厅科学研究项目(JJKH20241782KJ) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 揭示A356铸造铝合金不同固溶处理温度与合金硬度之间的关系，详细分析A356铸造铝合金在不同温度时效处理过程中原子尺度下组织结构的演变规律。方法 采用4种固溶处理工艺(525 ℃×5 h、550 ℃×5 h、575 ℃×5 h和600 ℃×5 h)，并借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope)、能谱仪(Energy Dispersive Spectrometry)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy)和背散射电子显微技术(Electron Backscatter Diffraction)等现代分析检测手段对汽车转向节用A356铸造铝合金进行微观组织分析。结果 在550 ℃下进行5 h的固溶处理后，α相中溶入了较多的Mg2Si和Si晶体，出现固溶强化现象，A356铝合金的硬度达到93HV。随着时效温度提高至200 ℃，α相中的硅原子和镁原子发生扩散现象，并在间隙、位错处汇聚，导致系统能量下降，回火硬度急剧上升，硬度也相应增加，材料的维氏强度达到了峰值113HV。随着人工时效处理温度继续升高，硬度呈现出持续变弱的态势，表明合金内部的共格关系逐渐遭到破坏，析出强化效果减弱。结论 A356铝合金在550 ℃固溶处理5 h后进行200 ℃时效处理，硬度达到峰值113HV，随后时效温度升高，硬度逐渐减弱，表明共格关系逐渐遭到破坏，析出强化效果减弱;经550 ℃固溶处理后，200 ℃时效1 h可获取A356铝合金的最佳性能，为获取高质量的A356汽车转向节铸件提供了重要的科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to reveal the relationship between different solution treatment temperatures of A356 cast aluminum alloy and alloy hardness, and analyze the evolution of the microstructure at the atomic scale during the aging treatment of A356 cast aluminum alloy at different temperatures in detail. Under the four solid solution treatment processes (525 ℃×5 h, 550 ℃×5 h, 575 ℃×5 h and 600 ℃×5 h), a metallographic microscope, a scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope), an energy spectrometer (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and Modern analytical testing methods such as High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction were used to conduct microstructural analysis on the A356 cast aluminum alloy used in automobile steering knuckles. After 5 hours of solid solution treatment at 550 ℃, more Mg2Si and Si crystals were dissolved into the α phase, resulting in solid solution strengthening. The hardness of the A356 aluminum alloy reached 93HV. As the aging temperature increased to 200 ℃, silicon atoms and magnesium atoms in the α phase diffused and gathered at gaps and dislocations, causing the system energy to decrease, the tempering hardness to rise sharply, the hardness to increase accordingly, and the Vickers strength to reach the peak value of 113HV. When the temperature of artificial aging treatment continued to increase, the hardness showed a continuous weakening trend, indicating that the coherent relationship within the alloy was gradually destroyed and the precipitation strengthening effect was weakened. After A356 aluminum alloy is subject to solution treatment at 550 ℃ for 5 h and aging treatment at 200 ℃, the hardness reaches the peak value of 113HV. Subsequently, the increase in aging temperature causes the hardness to gradually weaken, indicating that the coherent relationship is gradually destroyed and the precipitation strengthening effect is weakened. After solid solution treatment at 550 ℃ and aging treatment at 200 ℃ for 1 h, A356 aluminum alloy can get the best properties, which provides important scientific basis for obtaining high-quality A356 automotive steering knuckle castings. |
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