杨青峰,高士鑫,陈平,等.核电用316L不锈钢粉末增材制造研究现状[J].精密成形工程,2023,15(5):209-219.
YANG Qing-feng,GAO Shi-xin,CHEN Ping,et al.Current Research Status of Additive Manufacturing of 316L Stainless Steel Powder for Nuclear Power[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2023,15(5):209-219. |
| 核电用316L不锈钢粉末增材制造研究现状 |
| Current Research Status of Additive Manufacturing of 316L Stainless Steel Powder for Nuclear Power |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2023.05.025 |
| 中文关键词: 增材制造 核电 316L不锈钢 研究现状 |
| 英文关键词: additive manufacturing nuclear power 316L stainless steel current research status |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(2019YFB1901000) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 增材制造技术是一种无须模具、近净成形的先进制造工艺。不锈钢是一种在核电行业广泛应用的结构材料。实现不锈钢结构件的增材制造将进一步推动增材制造技术的发展，也可为核行业带来革命性改变。以核电用316L不锈钢为例，系统阐述了不锈钢粉末增材制造研究现状，包括粉末制备工艺现状、增材制造成形工艺现状以及成形件的组织性能研究现状。目前，增材制造用316L不锈钢粉末的制备工艺主要为雾化法，粉末的物化性能受制粉工艺参数的影响。在激光粉末床熔融增材制造技术、电子束选区熔化技术和等离子增材制造技术中，尤以激光粉末床熔融增材制造不锈钢的应用最为广泛。增材制造316L不锈钢的组织与性能存在各向异性，但各向异性可通过增材制造的后处理技术消除。目前增材制造最为常用的后处理技术为热处理。与锻造316L不锈钢相比，经热等静压处理的增材制造316L不锈钢的力学性能与辐照性能更优。目前，核用不锈钢的增材制造技术还处于起始阶段，后续应重点关注增材制造的成形机理及成形材料中子辐照性能等内容。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process that does not require molds and is similar with net forming. Stainless steel is a kind of structural material which is widely used in the nuclear power industry. The realization of additive manufacturing for fabricating stainless steel will further promote the development of additive manufacturing, and also brings revolutionary changes to the nuclear industry. With 316L stainless steel as an example, the current research status of additive manufacturing of stainless steel powder for nuclear power was systematically described, including the current status of power preparation process, the present situation of additive manufacturing forming process, and the current research status of the microstructure and performance of the formed parts. At present, the preparation process of 316L stainless steel powder for additive manufacturing is mainly the atomization method, and the physical and chemical properties of the powder are affected by the parameters of the milling process. Among the three additive manufacturing technologies of selective laser melting technology, electron beam selective melting technology and plasma additive manufacturing technology, selective laser melting is more widely used. There is anisotropy in the structure and properties of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel, but the anisotropy can be eliminated by the post-processing technology of additive manufacturing. At present, the most commonly used post-processing technology for additive manufacturing is heat treatment. The mechanical properties and irradiation properties of the additively manufactured 316L stainless steel treated by hot isostatic pressing are even better than those of the forged 316L. At present, the additive manufacturing of stainless steel for nuclear industry is still in the initial stage, and the follow-up research should focus on the forming mechanism of additive manufacturing and the neutron irradiation performance of formed materials. |
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